Asheville, NC Flooding: Causes, History, and Preparedness

Asheville, NC Flooding: Causes, History, and Preparedness

Asheville, North Carolina, is known for its beautiful mountains, scenic views, and temperate climate. However, despite its picturesque landscape, the city is not immune to natural disasters. One of the most significant weather-related threats facing Asheville is flooding. This article explores the causes of flooding in Asheville, its historical impacts, and how the community can prepare for future flood events.

fox data 

Causes of Flooding in Asheville, NC

Asheville is located in the Blue Ridge Mountains in Western North Carolina, an area prone to heavy rainfall and flash floods. Several key factors contribute to flooding in the Asheville area:

1. Heavy Rainfall: Asheville experiences a significant amount of rainfall annually, with the average precipitation being about 47.3 inches. While the city’s mountainous terrain can sometimes help water drain away quickly, intense rainfall can overwhelm rivers, creeks, and stormwater systems, leading to flash floods.
2. Tropical Storms and Hurricanes: Although Asheville is far from the coast, it still experiences the effects of tropical storms and hurricanes. These storms can bring heavy rain, causing rivers like the French Broad River to swell and overflow. For example, during Hurricane Florence in 2018, Asheville experienced significant flooding even though the storm’s center remained far from the city.
3. Topography: The city’s location in a valley surrounded by mountains contributes to rapid water runoff during storms. Water flowing down the mountains collects in low-lying areas like Asheville, exacerbating the risk of floods.
4. Urbanization: As Asheville continues to grow, the increase in impervious surfaces (such as roads, buildings, and parking lots) reduces the area available for water absorption. This can lead to more frequent and severe flooding, as rainwater has nowhere to go except into rivers and streets.

Historical Flooding in Asheville

Asheville has experienced several significant floods throughout its history, many of which have had devastating effects on the community and the local economy. Some of the most notable flooding events include:

1. The Great Flood of 1916: This is one of the most infamous floods in Asheville’s history. Two hurricanes struck the region within days of each other, leading to catastrophic flooding. The French Broad River rose to record levels, submerging much of downtown Asheville. This flood claimed 80 lives across Western North Carolina, destroyed hundreds of homes, and caused widespread infrastructure damage. It remains one of the worst natural disasters in the city’s history.
2. Flooding of 2004 (Hurricanes Frances and Ivan): Asheville faced back-to-back flooding in September 2004 when remnants of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan hit the region. The French Broad River and Swannanoa River both flooded, damaging hundreds of homes and businesses. These floods caused 7 deaths and resulted in millions of dollars in damage. This event led to increased awareness about the need for better flood control and preparedness in the area.
3. Hurricane Florence (2018): Although Hurricane Florence primarily impacted the coastal Carolinas, Asheville experienced significant flooding as a result of heavy rainfall from the storm. Several rivers and creeks overflowed their banks, and areas along the French Broad River saw road closures and property damage.

Flood Risk and Frequency in Asheville

While Asheville is not as prone to flooding as coastal areas, the city remains vulnerable to flash floods and riverine flooding. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has designated certain parts of Asheville as being within flood zones, particularly areas along the French Broad and Swannanoa Rivers. Homes and businesses located in these floodplains face a higher risk of flooding, especially during hurricane season and periods of heavy rainfall.

Flood Control and Mitigation Efforts in Asheville

In response to historical flooding, Asheville and Buncombe County have implemented several flood control and mitigation measures to protect the community:

1. French Broad River Flood Control Projects: Following the devastation of the 1916 flood, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and local authorities worked on various flood control projects to mitigate the risks posed by the French Broad River. These include levees, floodwalls, and improved stormwater drainage systems in flood-prone areas.
2. Flood Mapping and Zoning Regulations: Asheville’s local government uses FEMA floodplain maps to identify high-risk areas. These maps guide zoning regulations and building codes to ensure new developments are constructed with flood risk in mind. For example, buildings in flood-prone areas must adhere to strict elevation requirements to minimize damage during floods.
3. Stormwater Management: The city has invested in improved stormwater management systems to reduce the impact of flash floods. Projects include upgrading drainage systems, creating retention ponds, and restoring wetlands, which help absorb excess rainwater and slow down floodwaters.
4. Public Awareness and Emergency Response: Asheville has developed a robust emergency response system to prepare for potential flooding. The city provides real-time updates and flood warnings through local media, social media, and emergency alert systems. Asheville also encourages residents to prepare emergency kits, develop evacuation plans, and consider purchasing flood insurance, particularly if they live in flood-prone areas.

also read: How Many Deaths from Hurricanes Per Year?

Impact of Climate Change on Flooding in Asheville

Climate change has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, including heavy rainfall and hurricanes. This means Asheville could face an elevated risk of flooding in the coming decades.

A 2018 report from the National Climate Assessment indicates that the southeastern United States, including North Carolina, will likely experience more frequent heavy rain events as global temperatures rise. This could lead to increased flooding in Asheville, especially during the hurricane season when tropical systems bring torrential rain to the region.

Preparedness and Safety Tips for Asheville Residents

Asheville residents can take several steps to prepare for and mitigate the effects of flooding:

1. Know Your Risk: Use FEMA’s flood maps to determine whether your home or business is located in a flood-prone area. Consider purchasing flood insurance, which is often not included in standard homeowners’ insurance policies.
2. Stay Informed: Monitor local weather reports and be aware of flood warnings, particularly during the spring and hurricane seasons. Sign up for Asheville’s emergency alert system to receive real-time updates.
3. Create an Emergency Kit: Have a kit ready with essential items like water, non-perishable food, flashlights, batteries, and first aid supplies. Make sure to include important documents and medications.
4. Evacuation Plan: Know your evacuation routes and identify higher ground in case of rising floodwaters. If you live in a floodplain, have a plan to evacuate quickly and safely.
5. Protect Your Property: Elevate electrical appliances and heating systems if you live in a flood zone. Consider flood barriers or sandbags to keep water out of your home.

Conclusion

Flooding remains a significant risk in Asheville, NC, due to its location in a valley surrounded by mountains and its susceptibility to heavy rainfall from tropical storms and hurricanes. While floods are not a daily concern, the historical record shows that Asheville is vulnerable to severe flood events, and residents must remain vigilant.

Through a combination of flood control measures, public awareness, and preparedness, Asheville has taken significant steps to reduce the impact of flooding on its community. However, as climate change continues to affect weather patterns, residents should stay informed and proactive in protecting themselves and their properties.

FAQs

1. How often does Asheville experience flooding? Asheville experiences occasional flooding, particularly after heavy rainfall or during the remnants of hurricanes. Major floods have occurred in 1916, 2004, and 2018.
2. What areas of Asheville are most prone to flooding? Areas near the French Broad River and Swannanoa River are most at risk. These floodplains are identified by FEMA and are considered high-risk zones.
3. What caused the Great Flood of 1916 in Asheville? The Great Flood of 1916 was caused by back-to-back hurricanes that brought heavy rain to the region, resulting in widespread flooding.
4. Can climate change increase flooding in Asheville? Yes, climate change is expected to bring more frequent and intense rainstorms, which could increase the risk of flooding in Asheville.
5. How can I prepare for a flood in Asheville? You can prepare by creating an emergency kit, developing an evacuation plan, purchasing flood insurance, and staying informed about local weather alerts.
6. Does Asheville have a flood warning system? Yes, Asheville has a flood warning system that provides real-time alerts through various channels, including local media and emergency alert systems.